The next year the discovery of valuable lead mines, and the mining operations of the whites, brought on some collisions and produced alarm among the miners. Another treaty was concluded with them at Green Bay, August 12, 1828, by which a temporary boundary was fixed, and twenty thousand dollars allowed them by way of compensation. On the first of August of the next year they ceded to the United States a tract south of the Wisconsin River for five hundred and forty thousand dollars, payable in coin, in thirty annual installments. Large appropriations were also made to establish and promote agriculture among them. They, however, soon after united themselves in the scheme of the Sac warrior Black Hawk, and participated in the war waged by him. At the close of that war they ceded to the United States all their remaining lands in Wisconsin, south of the Wisconsin and Fox rivers, in exchange for a tract in Iowa known as the "Neutral Ground," and an additional consideration, to equalize the exchange, of two hundred and seventy thousand dollars, in twenty-seven annual payments.
The government also stipulated for the introduction of schools, and to advance them in agriculture and civilization. This treaty was concluded at Rock Island, September 15, 1833. By a treaty concluded November 1, 1837, they agreed to remove to the "Neutral Ground." On the 23d of October, 1839, General Robert Lucas, governor of the Territory of Iowa, reported that an exploring party of the Winnebagoes had arrived in the Territory in the spring of that year, to the great displeasure of Keokuk, the head chief of the Sacs and Foxes, who complained of the movement, and requested that they might be sent south of the Missouri. The Winnebagoes were unwilling to go south, and at the same time disliked to remove to the "Neutral Ground." In September, 1840 Karamawee, Winneshiek, and several other chiefs, made speeches in the presence of General Street, the agent at Prairie du Chien, expressing their aversion to removal from Wisconsin. Great efforts were made to overcome their reluctance, and as a coercive measure, the government determined to pay their annuities only at the agency established on the "Neutral Ground," in the spring of 1841. This arrangement had the desired effect, and their removal progressed slowly until all the tribe were finally west of the Mississippi. To the Winnebagoes their new home was not "neutral ground." It was in fact the war ground of the Sacs and Foxes with their ancient enemy, the Sioux. They could not place themselves under the protection of the latter, although ethnologically identified with them. They had for generations maintained a nationality of their own, and had at different times been the allies of the Sacs and Foxes, the most inveterate enemy of the Sioux. It was only when
Previous Pages:
Introductory Page| Portrait of MA-KA-TAI-ME-SHE-KIA-KIAH (Black Hawk)| Title Page| Page 2|
Preface (pages 3 - 6)| Illustrations (page 7)| Contents (pages 8 - 17)
Chapter One| Chapter Two| Chapter Three| Chapter Four| Chapter Five
Chapter Six| Chapter Seven| Chapter Eight
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